writergeekrhw: I can tell you the INTENTION of the Ferengi was to satirize capitalism and the West. Ferengi derives from the Persian “Farangi,” i.e. Franks, people from France. More broadly, it came to mean “Western European.” Hence “Farangistan” = Europe. Farang/i spread to other languages, notably Thai where it now means “foreigner.”
Farang - Wikipedia
So, the Ferengi are intended to be us. Westerners, even more specifically Americans. The original TNG bible compares them to 18th and 19th century Yankee traders. Sexist and greedy, patriarchal and dishonest.
I’m pretty sure this was the intention of their look too, especially the noses. Big noses are common in Asian caricatures of Westerners. Check out the Thai sculpture in the link above. According to my father, for example, the Rhade tribe from the Vietnamese Highlands called Americans “big noses” and when he was their military advisor, he was Captain Big Nose.
And then TNG cast a ton of Jewish actors as early Ferengi, and a lot of people saw them completely differently. (Aside, I’ve heard from some Asian fans that they perceive Ferengi as caricatures of the Cantonese, which speaks to how different cultures see them.)
We were definitely aware of this issue when DS9 came along, and I largely followed the lead of our Jewish-American showrunners on how to handle it. Generally, by digging deep into three different main Ferengi characters and several recurring, I hope we transcended the stereotypes.
We showed Ferengi not as whip-wielding pirate/raiders (not a Jewish trope btw, see Yankee traders), but as a small business owner, a handyman/engineer, and an aspiring Starfleet officer, all struggling with issues of cultural assimilation and grappling with their own culture’s shortcomings when it comes to women and greed.
When writing the Ferengi, I drew from my own (white bread, Catholic, Army brat) background, so for example, I saw the Rules of Acquisition not as some kind of take on the Talmud, but as a satire of Western self-help business books, a kind of “How to Win Friends and Influence People,” meets “The Devil’s Dictionary.” The Ferengi afterlife is based on my vague understanding of Chinese traditions I grew up around in San Francisco, etc.
I’m not sure we fully separated the Ferengi from the baggage they came to us with, but we definitely tried.